After you have parsed a noun, you must construe it, i.e., assign it a construction. A construction is an interpretation of the noun’s role in the sentence. Latin, like English, has many constructions, with which we will concern ourselves with only a few at first.
The most important constructions are as follows.
Subject (S):
Focus of sentence or doer of action.
Possessor (POSS):
Owner of something.
Indirect Object (IO): Recipient or beneficiary of something.
Direct Object (DO):
Something that undergoes change in place or state.
Dustbin (DB):
None of the above. DB is
the place-holder for three different constructions: separation, means, location. Only the sentence in which the word appears
can allow us to infer which construction is relevant. Such inferences will not be without
controversy—the syntax of the ablative case has been a hotbed of controversy
for a long time.
Direct Address (DA):
Person or thing addressed.
The constructions are assigned based on the
case. To do so, simply use the table
furnished below.
|
1st |
2nd (m.) |
2nd (n.) |
3rd |
3rd |
3rd (n.) |
4th |
5th |
case |
no. |
construction |
|
a |
us |
um |
* |
is |
* |
us |
ēs |
nom. |
sg. |
S |
|
ae |
ī |
ī |
is |
is |
is |
ūs |
eī |
gen. |
sg. |
POSS |
|
ae |
ō |
ō |
ī |
ī |
ī |
uī |
eī |
dat. |
sg. |
IO |
|
am |
um |
um |
em |
em |
* |
um |
em |
acc. |
sg. |
DO |
|
ā |
ō |
ō |
e |
ī (e) |
e |
ū |
ē |
abl. |
sg. |
DB |
|
a |
e |
um |
* |
is |
* |
us |
ēs |
voc. |
sg. |
DA |
|
ae |
ī |
a |
ēs |
ēs |
a |
ūs |
ēs |
nom. |
pl. |
S |
|
ārum |
ōrum |
ōrum |
um |
ium |
um |
uum |
ērum |
gen. |
pl. |
POSS |
|
īs |
īs |
īs |
ibus |
ibus |
ibus |
ubus |
ēbus |
dat. |
pl. |
IO |
|
ās |
ōs |
a |
ēs |
ēs |
a |
ūs |
ēs |
acc. |
pl. |
DO |
|
īs |
īs |
īs |
ibus |
ibus |
ibus |
ubus |
ēbus |
abl. |
pl. |
DB |
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